Br, a visually appealing and highly durable metal, is widely used in a wide range of everyday household items. Its distinctive golden color, exceptional tarnish resistance, and overall versatility make it a popular choice for a variety of home furnishings. From elegant candlesticks and decorative picture frames to functional plumbing fixtures and door handles, Brass adds a touch of sophistication and charm to our living spaces. In this fascinating article, we invite you to join us on a Brass Tactical Exploration where we delve into some of the amazing household items made from this gorgeous metal.
What does Brass look like?
Br, a magical metal with a warm and enchanting golden hue, has been admired for centuries. Its mesmerizing color can vary from a radiant yellow to a deep reddish brown, depending on the Copper content. The appeal of its bright appearance often leads people to confuse it with the precious metal gold. However, beyond its visual appeal, Brass boasts a smooth texture that exudes elegance, adding a sophisticated touch to any item it adorns.
Not only is brass visually stunning, but it is also extremely durable, making it the perfect material for a wide range of household items.
Basic properties of Brass
Brass, an alloy composed primarily of Copper and Zinc, boasts numerous properties that make it an excellent choice for many household items. Its exceptional strength and durability not only rival that of steel but also ensure longevity in items made from it. Moreover, Brass surpasses many common metals in terms of resistance to corrosion, making it highly suitable for a wide range of applications.
In addition to its robustness, Brass possesses antimicrobial properties, effectively inhibiting the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms. This makes it particularly well-suited for kitchen and bathroom fixtures, where hygiene is of utmost importance. Furthermore, the excellent heat conductivity of Brass makes it an ideal material for cookware handles, allowing for safe and efficient cooking experiences.
One of the remarkable qualities of Brass is its remarkable malleability, which enables it to be shaped into intricate designs. This characteristic adds a touch of elegance and sophistication to everyday household items, elevating their aesthetic appeal. So, the next time you gaze upon a Brass item in your house, take a moment to appreciate the remarkable properties that make it an ideal material for so many of our everyday items, blending functionality and beauty seamlessly.[2]
Common things made of Brass
Brass finds its application across a diverse range of household items due to its unique characteristics. Here are some common items you may find made of brass in a typical household[3]:
Doorknobs and handles
Brass doorknobs and handles have long been a common and beloved feature in many households, and it’s easy to see why. Not only does brass exhibit a sturdy and reliable nature, but its warm and inviting hue adds a touch of elegance to any space. These qualities make Brass an ideal choice for frequently-used items like doorknobs and handles.
But the appeal of Br goes beyond its aesthetics. In addition to providing a vintage charm to doors and cabinets, brass doorknobs and handles also offer practical benefits. One of the standout advantages is their antimicrobial properties, which help to keep germs and bacteria at bay. This is particularly valuable in high-touch areas where hygiene is of utmost importance.
Furthermore, Brass’s corrosion resistance ensures that these doorknobs and handles maintain their attractive appearance for years to come, with minimal maintenance required. This means that homeowners can enjoy the timeless beauty of brass without worrying about premature wear and tear.
Given these numerous benefits, it’s no surprise that Brass remains a leading choice for doorknobs and handles in homes around the world. Whether it’s the classic appeal, the added protection against germs, or the long-lasting durability, it continues to stand the test of time and uphold its reputation as a trusted and timeless material for these essential household fixtures.
Locks and keys
Brass, a widely used material in the production of locks and keys, is highly valued for its exceptional characteristics. Renowned for its strength, durability, and remarkable resistance to corrosion, Brass ensures long-lasting performance. The malleability of this metal allows for the creation of keys with intricate cuts and patterns that perfectly match the internal mechanisms of locks, guaranteeing a secure fit and optimal functionality.
Moreover, the robust nature of Brass enables keys to withstand the constant turning and torque applied when unlocking doors, ensuring reliable operation over time. On the other hand, locks made from this metal offer unparalleled dependability, as they are resistant to rust and capable of enduring the rigors of daily use, making them an ideal choice for safeguarding homes and properties.
In addition to their exceptional functionality, locks and keys crafted from Brass possess an undeniable aesthetic appeal. The distinctive golden hue of metal adds a touch of sophistication and elegance, transforming these essential security components into aesthetically pleasing accessories that effortlessly complement any decor.
With their strength, durability, resistance to corrosion, and exquisite visual appeal, it’s no wonder that brass continues to be the material of choice for lock and key production, providing both security and style to countless individuals worldwide.
Hardware and tools
Brass, an alloy composed of Copper and Zinc, plays an essential and ever-present role in the world of hardware and tools. Its unique properties make it a superior material for a wide range of items within this category.
One of the key advantages of brass is its strength and durability. This makes it highly suitable for applications where toughness and resilience are required. Additionally, Brass exhibits excellent resistance to corrosion, making it ideal for items that may come into contact with moisture or other corrosive substances.
Consider Brass screws, for instance. These screws are highly valued for their anti-corrosive properties, which contribute to their extended lifespan, even when exposed to humid or wet conditions. Furthermore, Brass screws are less prone to shearing off during the installation process, thanks to their inherent strength. This reliability makes them a preferred choice for various construction and repair tasks.
Similarly, alloy bolts are often employed in machinery, automobiles, and other high-stress applications. Their excellent torque tolerance and resistance to wear and tear make them invaluable in such demanding environments.
Beyond fasteners, Brass is also widely used in the manufacturing of precision tools. Rulers, calipers, compasses, and other measuring instruments benefit from brass’s malleability, which allows for the crafting of highly accurate and precise tools.
In summary, Brass’s remarkable properties make it an indispensable material in the realm of hardware and tools. It continues to be a go-to choice for items that require reliability, longevity, and meticulous craftsmanship.
Decorative items
Perhaps one of the most celebrated and versatile uses of Brass is in the creation of decorative items that adorn our spaces with their warm, golden allure. The unique properties of this alloy make it an ideal material for crafting exquisite embellishments that stand the test of time.
When it comes to picture frames, those crafted from Brass lend a vintage and sophisticated touch to the cherished photographs they hold. The fine engraving that can be achieved on Brass further enhances the ornamental appeal of these frames, adding an extra layer of elegance and intricacy.
Candle holders made from Br not only serve as functional pieces but also double as elegant centerpieces. The warm glow emitted by candles is beautifully complemented by the rich, golden hue of brass, creating a captivating ambiance during cozy evenings or special occasions.
Furthermore, Brass sculptures and figurines have long been a favorite among art enthusiasts. The malleability of it allows artists to mold it into intricate shapes and designs, bringing their creative visions to life in a tangible and captivating form. The lustrous finish of Brass adds a touch of sophistication and timelessness to these artistic creations.
Last but certainly not least, vases made from this metal provide an eye-catching and luxurious home for fresh or dried flowers, elevating the overall aesthetic appeal of any room. The radiant shine of brass enhances the natural beauty of flowers, creating a harmonious blend of organic and metallic elements.
In conclusion, Brass’s ability to be transformed into intricate designs, paired with its pleasing aesthetic, makes it a highly sought-after choice in the creation of decorative items. These objects not only serve as functional pieces but also contribute to the overall ambiance and visual appeal of the spaces they grace, adding a touch of elegance and refinement.
Shell casings
Brass, a highly valued material, is the preferred choice for shell casings in a wide range of ammunition types due to its exceptional properties. The remarkable combination of strength and malleability makes it an ideal candidate for crafting shell casings that can endure the tremendous pressures generated within a firearm during discharge. Moreover, the unique ability of Brass to expand and contract rapidly ensures a secure seal within the chamber, effectively preventing the escape of gases and maximizing the energy directed towards propelling the bullet forward.
Additionally, the corrosion resistance of Brass plays a vital role in maintaining the ammunition’s integrity for extended periods, contributing to its overall reliability. This characteristic ensures that the ammunition remains in optimal condition, ready for use when needed. Furthermore, the sustainability aspect of alloy cannot be overlooked. Being easily recyclable, spent brass casings can be efficiently repurposed, adding to the eco-friendliness and long-term viability of using this material in ammunition production.
In summary, the widespread utilization of Brass in shell casings underscores its paramount significance in the realm of firearms and ammunition. Its unmatched properties and versatile attributes make it an indispensable component, ensuring the performance, safety, and sustainability of ammunition.
Light fixtures
Brass, a versatile and enduring material, finds extensive use in the design and manufacture of various types of light fixtures. Its aesthetic flexibility and exceptional durability contribute to its popularity in the industry. Chandeliers, pendant lights, wall sconces, and lamp bases crafted from brass exude a timeless elegance, enhancing any interior decor with their distinct charm.
The warm, Golden hue of Brass harmonizes beautifully with different colors and materials, offering a touch of classic sophistication. The versatility of metal allows for a wide range of design possibilities, from minimalist to ornate, catering to diverse aesthetic preferences. Moreover, Brass’s resistance to corrosion ensures that these light fixtures maintain their luster even in humid environments such as bathrooms or kitchens, further adding to their long-lasting appeal.
Not only renowned for its visual appeal, but Br also boasts exceptional craftsmanship capabilities. It can be shaped into intricate designs, making it a favorite choice for artisanal and bespoke lighting solutions. This enables the creation of truly unique and eye-catching pieces that reflect individual style and taste.
From a functional standpoint, its fixtures offer excellent heat resistance, a crucial factor to consider given the heat generated by light bulbs. This quality ensures the longevity and reliable performance of brass light fixtures, making them a practical choice for any lighting installation.
In conclusion, it is evident that brass’s aesthetic flexibility, durability, and functionality make it a highly sought-after material for light fixtures that stand the test of time. Its enduring appeal and ability to seamlessly blend with various design styles make brass an ideal choice for those seeking both beauty and longevity in their lighting solutions.
Gears & parts
Brass, a widely used material in the manufacturing industry, is widely used in the production of gears and other mechanical parts. It offers a number of advantages that contribute to the durability and efficiency of gear systems.
One of the key advantages of this material is its inherent strength, which allows it to create durable gears used in a variety of mechanisms. From precision watches to automobiles and industrial equipment, there are many applications for these gears that demonstrate their reliability and durability. Especially in applications where low friction is crucial, such as in gearboxes and engines, Brass gears have proven to be excellent due to their ability to minimize heat generation and noise levels when in contact with other metals.
In addition, Brass is also used to produce small mechanical parts such as washers, bushings, and pins. These parts are often subjected to regular wear and tear, and its excellent resistance to corrosion makes it a great choice. Due to its exceptional ability to resist erosion, these components retain their functionality for a long time, even when exposed to moisture or chemicals.
In fact, the use of these gears and mechanical parts is a testament to the extreme versatility and durability of this alloy. Brass’s unique properties make it an ideal material for parts that must withstand harsh environments while ensuring smooth and efficient operation, making it an invaluable asset in the manufacturing industry.
Radiators
Brass is a highly favored choice for constructing radiators, especially in classic cars and vintage heating systems. With its remarkable thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, Brass proves to be the ideal material for this specific application. Brass radiators not only offer excellent heat dissipation capabilities but also ensure that heat is evenly and efficiently spread throughout the system. This feature is particularly crucial in automotive applications as it effectively mitigates engine overheating and prevents potential damage.
Moreover, Brass radiators exhibit inherent resistance to rust, a common issue faced by radiators made from ferrous materials. This impressive resistance to corrosion significantly enhances the lifespan of brass radiators and reduces the need for frequent maintenance. Additionally, Brass radiators often boast an attractive, polished finish that adds a touch of elegance to heating systems in older homes, blending functionality with aesthetics seamlessly.
In conclusion, the utilization of Brass in radiator construction showcases the alloy’s outstanding thermal properties and durability, making it a reliable and preferred choice in the heat exchange industry. Its ability to withstand high temperatures, resist corrosion, and add an element of refined beauty makes brass radiators a superior option for those seeking long-lasting and efficient heating solutions.
Plumbing fixtures
Brass is a widely used material in the production of plumbing fixtures, such as faucets, showerheads, and valves. The robust nature of its ensures that these fixtures can withstand the constant flow of water, temperature changes, and daily wear and tear without compromising their functionality.
One of the key advantages of Brass is its resistance to corrosion, which is particularly crucial for fixtures that are regularly exposed to water. This resistance prevents the formation of rust and helps maintain the fixture’s performance and appearance over time.In addition, these fixtures often have a polished finish, which adds a touch of elegance and luxury to bathrooms and kitchens, enhancing the overall aesthetic appeal.
For its design versatility, this material is a great choice. It can be easily molded into complex and intricate shapes, allowing for a wide range of design options to meet different aesthetic preferences. This design flexibility makes it a popular choice in the plumbing industry because it can be easily combined with different styles and themes.
Thus, the use of Brass in plumbing emphasizes its durability, versatility and reliability. Its properties make it an ideal choice for plumbing fixtures that are constantly exposed to water and daily use. In addition, the polished surface and the ability to form complex shapes add sophistication and charm to any bathroom or kitchen. With such qualities, it is not surprising that it is still a favorite material in the plumbing industry.
Musical instruments
Brass, a versatile alloy, plays an important role in the manufacture of a variety of musical instruments, especially those in the Copper family, such as trumpets, trombones, tubas and saxophones. The acoustic properties of this alloy, combined with its exceptional strength and workability, make it an unparalleled choice for these instruments. The density and hardness of Brass play a key role in creating the rich, resonant sound emitted by these instruments, and its unique vibrational characteristics enhance their brilliance and power.
One of the wonderful properties of this metal is its ductility, which allows it to be shaped into the complex forms required for various musical instruments. This property, combined with its inherent strength, ensures that these instruments can withstand the rigors of regular use. In addition, its resilience to stress and rust acts as a safeguard, protecting instruments from moisture caused by the musician’s breath, thus preserving the sound quality over time.
In addition to their exceptional acoustic properties and durability, the polished, golden appearance of these instruments adds a visually appealing element to their iconic and timeless appearance. The shimmering appeal of Brass not only enhances their aesthetic appeal, but also complements the enchanting melodies played on these instruments.
Thus, the widespread use of it in musical instruments is a testament to the alloy’s excellent acoustic properties, extraordinary durability, and enchanting aesthetic appeal. The sophisticated craftsmanship and attention to detail used in the manufacture of these instruments’ steel results in a harmonious blend of art and science, elevating the musical experience for both performers and listeners.
The importance of Brass recycling
Recycling is an absolutely essential part of sustainability efforts around the world, and Brass is no exception. Recycling not only reduces the demand for new raw materials, but also uses significantly less energy compared to producing brass from new ore. This leads to a significant reduction in harmful greenhouse gas emissions, which makes a significant contribution to environmental protection and the fight against climate change.
Also, the process of recycling is highly efficient and cost-effective. The durability of Brass allows it to retain its properties even after repeated recycling, making it an excellent sustainable resource for the production of new items. This ensures that the quality and functionality of products made from recycled salvage does not deteriorate in any way, providing a sustainable solution without compromising performance.
In addition to its environmental benefits, the recycling of scrap Brass also plays a vital role in supporting economic sustainability. By selling off locally sourced salvage metal, individuals and businesses can generate lucrative profits, stimulating the local economy and promoting efficient resource use. This creates a positive cycle of economic growth and resource management that benefits both the community and the planet.
In particular, the practice of recycling tin helps reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills, making a significant impact on waste management efforts. By diverting brass waste from landfills, valuable land resources are conserved and the negative environmental impacts associated with landfilling are minimized.
In fact, recycling Brass is more than just an environmental practice.
Different types of Brass to recycle
Red Brass
Red Brass, often referred to as gunmetal, is renowned for its distinctive reddish color.
Recycling Red Brass is not only a simple and efficient process, but it also plays a crucial role in environmental preservation and economic sustainability. With its high copper content and exceptional durability, recycled Red Brass can be repurposed for a wide range of applications without compromising its vital properties.
The recycling process begins with the collection and sorting of Red Brass items. Afterward, these items go through a meticulous cleaning and shredding process to prepare them for the subsequent melting phase. During this phase, the molten brass is carefully poured into casts, allowing it to cool and harden into new forms. This remarkable transformation completes the recycling loop, as the reworked brass can now be utilized to create innovative and sustainable products.
By recycling Red Brass, we not only contribute to the reduction of waste but also significantly decrease the demand for virgin materials. This, in turn, helps conserve valuable natural resources and minimizes the energy consumption associated with mining and processing new brass. The positive impact of recycling Red Brass extends beyond environmental benefits, as it also helps to reduce our carbon footprint, promoting a greener and more sustainable future.
Yellow Brass
Yellow Brass, known for its radiant and gold-like appearance, is a widely used type of brass found in various household items and industrial applications. Composed of approximately 60-70% Copper and 30-40% Zinc, the unique blend of metals gives Yellow Brass its distinct color and exceptional machinability. This versatile alloy can be found in everyday objects like door handles, light fixtures, jewelry, and even the trusty zipper. Notably, this type of Brass is also favored in plumbing systems, including faucets and valves.
When it comes to recyclability, Yellow Brass is highly sought after. Its considerable Copper content makes it valuable in the recycling market, and the recycling process itself does not compromise its properties, allowing it to be reused repeatedly. To recycle, it is collected, sorted, thoroughly cleaned, and melted down to be reshaped into new products. This recycling process not only conserves energy but also minimizes emissions when compared to the production of new brass from raw materials. Consequently, recycling Yellow Brass not only promotes economic sustainability but also contributes significantly to the preservation of the environment.
Industrial Brass
Industrial Brass, often referred to as Free Cutting Brass, is a highly sought-after material for high-speed machining operations due to its remarkable machinability. Comprising 61.5% Copper, 35.5% Zinc, along with small amounts of Lead and Iron, this alloy possesses exceptional cutting and machining characteristics, making it ideal for the production of various components such as gears, nuts, bolts, and more.
Furthermore, the recyclability of Industrial Brass adds to its value, primarily owing to its Copper content. During the recycling process, the properties of Industrial Brass remain largely unchanged, ensuring that it can be reused repeatedly without compromising its quality or functionality. The recycling journey of this Brass involves a meticulous process of collection, sorting, cleaning, melting, and casting into new forms. This not only conserves valuable resources but also contributes significantly to reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions compared to the production of brass from virgin materials. Hence, the recycling of Industrial Brass plays a vital role in both economic sustainability and environmental preservation, making it a win-win solution.[5]
FAQ
What is Brass commonly used for?
Brass, due to its unique properties such as durability, corrosion resistance, and aesthetic appeal, has a wide range of applications in our daily lives.
- Plumbing and Heating: Brass’s resistance to corrosion makes it an ideal material for pipes, faucets, and fittings in the plumbing industry. Its heat resistance also makes it popular for heating system components.
- Decoration and Jewelry: Given its bright, gold-like color, brass is commonly used in decorative items such as picture frames, lamps, and jewelry. Its ability to be cast easily into various shapes makes it a versatile material for design purposes.
- Musical Instruments: Many musical instruments, including trumpets, saxophones, and trombones, are made from brass due to its excellent acoustic properties.
- Hardware and Fixtures: Door knobs, locks, hinges, and light fixtures are often made of brass, thanks to its durability and pleasing appearance.
- Automotive and Industrial Applications: Brass is used in radiators, terminals, and connectors in the automotive industry, as well as in the production of gears, bearings, and valves in various industrial settings.
It’s worth noting that the recyclability of brass adds to its appeal, as it enhances sustainability efforts by reducing the need to mine and process new brass.
What are examples of Brass metals?
Brass, a versatile alloy of copper and zinc, exists in several different forms based on the specific composition and manufacturing technique. Here are some examples of Brass metals:
- Red Brass: Also known as Gunmetal, it comprises a high percentage of copper (around 85%), making it resistant to corrosion and ideal for applications like valves and pump components.
- Yellow Brass: Named for its bright gold-like appearance, Yellow Brass contains 60-70% copper and 30-40% zinc. It is used extensively in household items and decorative purposes.
- Industrial Brass: Also known as Free Cutting Brass, it typically comprises 61.5% copper, 35.5% zinc, and minor amounts of lead and iron to enhance machinability. This type of brass is commonly used for the production of nuts, bolts, gears, and other machined parts.
- Ornamental Brass: Containing a high percentage of zinc, Ornamental Brass exhibits a light golden color perfect for decorative items such as lamp bases, plaques, and medals.
- Naval Brass: With a small addition of tin, Naval Brass possesses enhanced resistance to dezincification, making it suitable for marine applications.
- Muntz Brass: This type of brass, with a 60% copper and 40% zinc composition, is often used in architectural structures for its strength and durability.
- Rich Low Brass: It contains 80-85% copper and produces a more rich golden color. It is commonly used for jewelry and musical instruments.
Each type of brass carries unique properties that make it suitable for specific applications, yet all varieties of brass share the benefits of recyclability and aesthetic appeal.
Where can I find Brass at home?
Brass can be found in a variety of everyday household items due to its durability, corrosion resistance, and aesthetic appeal. Here are some examples:
- Door Hardware: Brass is often used in door handles, locks, and hinges due to its resistance to tarnishing and its pleasing golden appearance.
- Light Fixtures: Chandeliers, lamps, and other light fixtures are commonly made of brass, again because of its aesthetic appeal and durability.
- Plumbing Fixtures: You’ll often find brass in faucets, shower heads, and drain covers. Its corrosion resistance makes it a popular choice for these applications.
- Decorative Items: Items such as picture frames, candle holders, vases, or trinkets might be made of brass, particularly if they have a gold-like color.
- Musical Instruments: Brass instruments like trumpets, trombones, and saxophones, are, as the name suggests, often made of brass. If you have these in your home, they’re another source of brass.
- Jewelry: Brass is often used in jewelry for its resemblance to gold. Check your jewelry box, you might find brass in necklaces, bracelets, or earrings.
- Kitchen Hardware: Drawer handles, kitchen utensils, or pots and pans might also be made of brass.
Just remember, if you’re planning to recycle these items, ensure they’re no longer needed or broken, as recycling should be the last resort after reuse and repair.
What is the most used Brass?
Among the various types of brass, Yellow Brass stands out as the most commonly used alloy. With its bright, gold-like appearance, it attracts attention and adds a touch of elegance to any setting. It strikes the perfect balance between strength and ductility.
Due to its unique properties, it is widely used in various fields. In the home, it is used to create everyday objects such as door handles, faucets and cookware, providing both functionality and aesthetic appeal. Its resistance to corrosion and ability to resist tarnishing make it a reliable choice for decorative purposes, ensuring long-lasting beauty.
In addition, Yellow Brass has a special place in the world of music. Known for its exceptional acoustic qualities, it is widely used in the manufacture of musical instruments. From trumpets and saxophones to cymbals and bells, it adds sonic charm to instruments, enhancing their clarity and richness.
With its versatility, durability, and eye-catching allure, Yellow Brass continues to be a popular choice across a myriad of applications. Whether it’s for functional or artistic purposes, this alloy offers a harmonious blend of practicality and aesthetic appeal, making it an ideal choice for diverse projects.
What is Brass for kids?
Brass, a versatile metal, plays a vital role in our daily lives. Imagine it as a remarkable collaboration between two other metals – Copper and Zinc.
When these two metals combine, they form Brass, a lustrous and yellowish material. This superhero-like metal possesses exceptional strength and finds its application in various objects we use every day. From door knobs to musical instruments, and even the pipes that transport water in our homes, brass is omnipresent. Its resistance to rust and malleability make it an invaluable ally in our daily activities. Moreover, Brass is eco-friendly as it is recyclable, showcasing its commitment to our planet’s well-being.
Useful Video: 12 Household Items That Can Be Scrapped
Conclusion
Brass, an incredibly useful and versatile alloy, has found its way into countless applications across various industries. From the smallest trinket adorning your home to intricately designed musical instruments, it takes on many forms to suit a wide range of needs. Its unique blend of durability, attractive appearance, corrosion resistance, and ease of recycling makes it an outstanding choice for numerous purposes.
Interestingly, even children interact with Brass frequently in their everyday lives. From the familiar door knobs they turn to the melodic musical instruments they play, this alloy quietly weaves its presence into our daily experiences. It has become an essential part of our lives, providing functionality and aesthetic appeal in equal measure.
Brass comes in different compositions, each with its own distinct qualities and applications. Whether it’s the warm glow of Yellow Brass illuminating your lighting fixtures, the strength of Red Brass in industrial components, or the ornamental beauty of Brass in your decorations, this marvelous alloy maintains a significant presence in our lives.
By understanding the value and ubiquity of Brass, we can truly appreciate the critical role it plays in our world. Let us continue to support its responsible use and acknowledge the remarkable impact this alloy has on our daily lives.
References:
- https://www.cohenusa.com/blog/10-kinds-of-common-brass-to-recycle-today/
- https://www.thoughtco.com/brass-composition-and-properties-603729
- https://rotaxmetals.net/things-made-of-brass/
- https://actionmetal.com.au/why-you-should-recycle-brass-scrap/
- https://scrapnews.recycleinme.com/newsdetails-741.aspx
